Evaluation of particle recovery from microalgae

Coccoliths are micro-structured biomineral particles found in cell protective covering layers of coccolithophore species. They are mainly composed of CaCO₃ and their individual crystal entities are arranged in such a way that they construct complex and unique structures. This complexity is found down to the individual particle level and appears to have promising properties to offer. This study focuses on the essential step prior to any kind of implementation, which is the recovery of the material. It summarizes cleaning protocols found in literature, compares them for the first time for the same freshly cultivated material and addresses challenges that still need to be overcome. Further, it highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the best cleaning protocols, suggests optimizations with promising results and uses size distribution measurements to analyse the recovery efficiency. To that end, further characterization techniques, new for coccoliths, are introduced and used to improve our current knowledge of the particles behaviour.     

产细菌素屎肠球菌SC-Y112的体外益生性及安全性评价

屎肠球菌SC-Y112是一种具有广谱抗菌性质的产细菌素乳酸菌，为更深入了解其菌株性质，本研究通过模拟胃肠液耐受实验、胆盐耐受实验、抗氧化活性测定、溶血活性测定、明胶液化实验、有害代谢物质检测、耐药性评价及肠球菌毒力基因检测对屎肠球菌SC-Y112的体外益生性质与安全性质进行分析评价。结果表明：屎肠球菌SC-Y112对模拟胃肠液耐受性强，在模拟胃液培养3 h存活率达73.66%，在0.3 g/100 mL的胆盐质量浓度下培养3 h后存活率达56.38%，其发酵24 h上清液总抗氧化能力达35.21 U/mL；此外，屎肠球菌SC-Y112不产生物胺、吲哚以及偶氮还原酶等有害代谢物质，无溶血现象，不溶解明胶，不携带常见肠球菌毒力基因，且对万古霉素敏感。研究结果可为菌株的进一步开发与应用提供科学依据。     

纳米多孔金电化学传感器构建及其对饮品中抗坏血酸的检测

基于纳米多孔金（nanoporous gold，NPG）对抗坏血酸的强电催化氧化作用，通过酸腐蚀制备NPG，构建纳米多孔电极（NPG/GCE）检测饮料中的抗坏血酸。通过循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安（differential pulse voltammetry，DPV）法对抗坏血酸检测条件进行优化，确定最佳检测条件为pH 4.0的柠檬酸缓冲液。在优化条件下，利用DPV法对抗坏血酸进行检测，结果表明：在6.652 8～160 μg/mL的范围内，峰电流密度与抗坏血酸质量浓度呈良好的线性关系；该电极制备简单、灵敏度高、稳定性和抗干扰能力强，对饮料中抗坏血酸的快速检测有良好的应用潜力。     

苯乳酸抑制链格孢霉作用靶位的分析

以从自然腐败的樱桃上分离的链格孢霉（Alternaria sp.）LD3.0086为指示菌，研究苯乳酸对链格孢霉的主要抑制作用靶位。应用分光光度法测定苯乳酸对链格孢霉的最小抑菌浓度，通过卡尔科弗卢尔荧光增白剂染液（calcofluor white，CFW）染色观察苯乳酸对菌丝顶端生长的破坏作用，利用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察链格孢霉的超微结构变化，通过测定苯乳酸作用前后链格孢霉上清液中N-乙酰葡萄糖胺质量浓度变化研究苯乳酸对菌丝细胞壁的破坏作用，应用荧光双染色法观察苯乳酸对链格孢霉菌丝细胞膜的损伤作用。结果表明，12.5 mmol/L的苯乳酸能有效抑制链格孢霉的生长；与对照组（无菌水处理）相比，苯乳酸处理后链格孢霉顶端生长细胞无明显形变，经12.5 mmol/L苯乳酸处理的链格孢霉上清液中N-乙酰葡萄糖胺质量浓度基本不变；苯乳酸处理24 h，链格孢霉菌丝细胞壁表面无明显损伤，细胞内结构发生明显变化；苯乳酸短时间（4 h）处理链格孢霉，菌丝细胞膜仍较为完整，加入苯乳酸较长时间（8 h）后细胞膜发生破裂。综合分析可知，苯乳酸对链格孢霉的主要作用靶位应不是菌丝体的细胞壁和细胞膜，而是在菌丝体内部，通过破坏菌丝内部细胞器结构或引起细胞内的生化反应，从而抑制链格孢霉的生长和繁殖，发挥抑菌活性。     

铁矿烧结过程微细颗粒物排放行为

 采用ELPI+设备(荷电低压撞击器)对铁矿烧结过程微细颗粒物进行在线检测与采样，利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM EDS)对采集的颗粒物形貌特征进行分析，研究铁矿烧结过程中微细颗粒物的排放行为。研究结果表明，PM10大量释放集中在烧结升温段，且颗粒物质量浓度与数目浓度在粒径分布上有较大差异，其中质量浓度峰值区间为5.37～10.00 μm，数目浓度峰值区间为0.10～0.16 μm；形貌特征上，微细颗粒物呈规则的球形、方块形和片状；不同粒径物质组成差异明显，其中颗粒物中的K、Na主要以KCl和NaCl的形式存在，含量随颗粒物粒级的增大而略有降低。     

薄板坯连铸连轧流程专利分析

以Orbit专利分析平台为主要研究工具，从专利文献中抽取专利数量指标和专利质量指标来构建评价薄板坯连铸连轧技术竞争力和企业创新能力的指标体系，结合其他文献研究的成果，从产业发展的实际出发做出分析，系统揭示了自薄板坯连铸连轧技术开发以来的技术进步、专利布局、发展演化、国内外发展现状、技术竞争实力等，有助于在专利文献提供的线索启发下开发新产品、新技术，从而有效提高研发效率。     

Numerical modelling of a low power non-transferred arc plasma reactor for methane conversion

Thermal flow characteristics and the methane conversion reaction in a low power arc plasma reactor for efficient storage and transport of methane, which is the main component of shale gas, were simulated. The temperature and velocity distributions were calculated according to the type of discharge gases and arc current level by a self-developed magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) code and a commercial ANSYS-FLUENT code; the transport of chemical species was analyzed as including the chemical reactions of methane conversion. The simulated results were verified by the comparison of calculated and measured arc voltages with permissible low error as under 4%. Three C₂ hydrocarbon gases with ethane (C₂H₆), ethylene (C₂H₄), and acetylene (C₂H₂) were selected as the converted species of methane from experimental data. The mass fraction of C₂ hydrocarbons and hydrogen as the product of the conversion reaction at the reactor was also calculated. Those values show good agreement with the actual experimental results in that the major conversion reaction occurred in C₂H₂ and hydrogen, and the conversions to C₂H₆, C₂H₄, and hydrogen were minor reactions of methane pyrolysis conversion.     

A Review of Guidance Approaches in Visual Data Analysis: A Multifocal Perspective

Visual data analysis can be envisioned as a collaboration of the user and the computational system with the aim of completing a given task. Pursuing an effective system‐user integration, in which the system actively helps the user to reach his/her analysis goal has been focus of visualization research for quite some time. However, this problem is still largely unsolved. As a result, users might be overwhelmed by powerful but complex visual analysis systems which also limits their ability to produce insightful results. In this context, guidance is a promising step towards enabling an effective mixed‐initiative collaboration to promote the visual analysis. However, the way how guidance should be put into practice is still to be unravelled. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive literature research and provide an overview of how guidance is tackled by different approaches in visual analysis systems. We distinguish between guidance that is provided by the system to support the user, and guidance that is provided by the user to support the system. By identifying open problems, we highlight promising research directions and point to missing factors that are needed to enable the envisioned human‐computer collaboration, and thus, promote a more effective visual data analysis.